Kitakami (Japan) (AFP) – Robotic transporters carrying silicon wafers whizz by on overhead rails at a new factory that Kioxia, one of Japan’s most valuable companies, hopes can help it meet overwhelming AI-driven demand. The global race to build artificial intelligence data centres has turbocharged business for chipmakers, creating shortages and sending prices soaring for memory components in particular. And Kioxia is reaping the rewards.
While it is barely known outside the tech industry, its share price has soared around seven-fold this year, and in June it briefly became the largest Japanese firm by market capitalisation after speeding past Toyota. Other once-obscure tech supply chain players in Asia are also hitting the big time, such as South Korea’s SK hynix, which last week listed on Wall Street after one of the world’s biggest ever stock sales.
Different types of memory chips that store digital information are used in AI systems alongside powerful processors able to crunch data to generate chatbot responses or realistic images. AI use “has been expanding rapidly,” so “we have high expectations that the market for the flash memory we produce will continue to expand,” Kioxia CEO Hiroo Ota said this month at the new chip fab that opened in September in northern Japan. The company specialises in so-called NAND flash chips, an increasingly hot commodity as AI agents — tools that can carry out tasks for users — require ever-more storage space.
“Kioxia’s stock price surge represents a normalisation of valuation for what was once an ‘ignored sector,'” Counterpoint Research analyst MS Hwang told AFP. One challenge will be “maintaining its competitive edge against rivalry” from China’s Yangtze Memory Technologies Co (YMTC), a rapidly expanding maker of the same type of chips, Hwang said. Broader concerns of overstretched valuations have also fuelled fears of a market bubble, along with questions over when the eye-watering sums being spent on AI will reap returns.
The new fab is Kioxia’s second facility in the green outskirts of the city of Kitakami, an area with several other big factories. AFP was shown rows of bulky white chip-etching machines in a cleanroom, where conditions are closely controlled to stop dust contamination. Near Kitakami station, Noriyuki Takahashi, a 47-year-old recruiter, said work has been busy lately thanks to Kioxia. “It’s a good thing to have so many jobs here experiencing improving business sentiment,” he told AFP.
Hana, 57, who runs the bar Tachinomi Hanachan, had a less rosy perspective. “Semiconductors are an industry with a lot of ups and downs,” she said. “The locals are anxious about how long it will last.”
In its 1980s heyday, Japan commanded around half the share of the global semiconductor market. That has since dropped to less than 10 percent, says the government, which is aiming for an eightfold revenue increase from domestically produced microchips by 2040 from 2020 levels. The country is building a chip hub with top-end technology in northern Hokkaido, while Taiwanese chipmaker TSMC has a plant in southern Kyushu.
Some analysts say AI has brought a new dimension to the dramatic boom-and-bust cycles the memory chip industry is known for. Kioxia started life as Toshiba Memory, a pioneering memory chip business that Japanese conglomerate Toshiba, then in dire financial straits, sold off in 2018. Now the company says it is planning a US listing like SK hynix, forecasting 1.3 trillion yen ($8 billion) in operating profit for April-June — a massive jump from 45 billion yen a year ago.
Some workers in Kitakami boast of bonuses that are “impossibly high” for the region, Hana told AFP. But competition is fierce, and “Taiwan is working hard, other places are working hard,” she added. “It’s good for the moment, but when we ask how many years the demand will continue, the local community is looking at it with unease.”
© 2024 AFP
