Frankfurt (Germany) (AFP) – US President Donald Trump’s latest tariff threat against Europe over Greenland has hit its top economy, Germany, just as hopes are growing for a modest recovery after years of stagnation. Germany’s government and its export-reliant businesses were blindsided when Trump again wielded the tariffs axe at the weekend — this time sparked by his anger over a geopolitical rather than an economic dispute.
“For Germany, these new tariffs would be absolute poison,” ING economist Carsten Brzeski told AFP, adding that the heightened uncertainties “clearly jeopardize the fragile recovery underway.” Germany — long ailing from high energy prices, falling demand in China and stiff competition from the Asian giant, and last year’s US tariffs blitz — achieved just 0.2 percent GDP growth in 2025 after two years of recession. Huge public spending to rebuild Germany’s armed forces and aging infrastructure have boosted hopes for a stronger rebound this year, and the government has predicted GDP will expand by 1.3 percent in 2026. That was before Trump — angered by pushback against his desire to seize Denmark’s autonomous territory of Greenland — threatened additional tariffs of up to 25 percent on products from eight European countries, including Germany.
The news — which drove down stocks and saw safe-haven assets like gold rise — rattled German companies and provoked a mix of puzzlement and anger. “Greenland is taking this madness to extremes,” Thorsten Bauer, co-head of laser maker Xiton Photonics, told AFP, expressing a sentiment shared by many business leaders. The Federation of German Industries denounced “an inappropriate and damaging escalation for all parties,” which it said “is putting enormous pressure on transatlantic relations.” The German Association of Wholesalers, Exporters and Service Providers slammed Trump’s latest threat as “grotesque” and stressed defiantly that “we continue to stand by Denmark: democracy and freedom cannot be wiped out by punitive tariffs.”
Trump’s latest salvo comes after the EU and the United States in July agreed to cap tariffs on most EU exports at 15 percent, with most goods in the other direction being tariff-free. Though some criticized the deal as one-sided, many German businesses cautiously welcomed the deal for the certainty it seemed to bring. “Our members largely kept a cool head during last summer’s tariffs debate and waited patiently. But waiting patiently cannot go on forever,” the German Association of Small and Medium-sized Businesses told AFP. “Donald Trump’s erratic policies are poison for the global economy and free trade — and they damage trust that has been built up over years in rules-based systems.”
The group said new tariffs would particularly hurt German SMEs but nonetheless insisted that “Europe must not allow itself to be blackmailed. If the US does indeed impose tariffs, Europe needs to respond quickly and decisively.” European diplomats have promised a firm response if Trump makes good on his threat, and powerful conservative German Member of the European Parliament, Manfred Weber, said final ratification of the July deal was now “on ice.” Some experts have voiced hope that all sides will step back from an escalation of a dispute that would hurt everyone involved and threaten US-German trade worth over 250 billion euros ($290 billion).
US tariffs have already exacted a heavy toll on Germany. From January to November, German exports to the United States fell 9.4 percent from a year earlier, and the country’s trade surplus with the world’s biggest economy dropped to its lowest level since 2021, statistics agency Destatis said Tuesday. If implemented and sustained for a long period, the new tariffs “could cost the eurozone economy something between 0.2 percent and 0.5 percent of GDP, with a bigger hit for Germany,” wrote Andrew Kenningham of Capital Economics. “In practice though, we doubt that they will be implemented as advertised. We also think the EU will be cautious in any retaliation in an effort to avoid further escalation.”
The new uncertainty comes at a tough time for Germany’s crucial auto sector, which is now bracing for resurgent transatlantic trade tensions it had hoped had been put to bed. Automotive analyst Pal Skirta of Metzler Bank told AFP that Trump’s latest threat is worse news than last year’s. “The Liberation Day tariffs were maybe not very reasonable, but you could justify them,” he said. “With Greenland, it comes out of the blue; you can’t justify it by macroeconomic logic.”
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