Berlin (AFP) – The cost-of-living crisis may be easing in Germany, but that has not sparked a shopping frenzy just yet in a country where, as a recent survey suggests, people fear inflation more than war. Inflation in Europe’s biggest economy has fluctuated between 1.6 and 2.6 percent over the past year, far below the 70-year high reached in 2022 after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine triggered an energy crisis. The European Central Bank looks set to hold interest rates steady Thursday for the first time in almost a year after a lengthy easing cycle, with officials increasingly confident that prices have stabilised. But with the domestic economy still stuck in the doldrums and the threat of US tariffs looming, Germans are hesitant to start spending again.
Here are some questions and answers on the topic.
– Why are Germans still worried about inflation?
While inflation rates have been steadily easing for months, prices remain around 20 percent over 2020 levels, and consumers complain about elevated costs of everything from electricity to groceries and leisure activities. Chemistry student Tim Scheider has had to forgo attending his favourite music festival outside Berlin after the price of a three-day pass increased to 220 euros ($260), more than double the cost in 2019. “It has become incredibly expensive over the last two or three years…It’s madness,” the 27-year-old told AFP. “Life has become a bit more difficult with the rising prices,” said Alkim, a Turkish aeronautics student in the western city of Osnabrueck, who has had to cut back on his diving hobby and only buys the cheapest pasta. Persistent inflation has also fuelled calls for some unusual measures. During a heatwave earlier this month, Greens party MPs in Berlin urged an “ice cream price cap” limiting the cost of a scoop to 50 cents so children from poorer families could still enjoy the treat.
– How do we know people are not spending?
According to a regular survey published by pollsters GfK and Nuremberg Institute for Market Decisions (NIM) in May, saving rates are on the increase. Consumer sentiment “remains extremely low,” according to the survey, blaming US President Donald Trump’s unpredictable trade policy and worries about the weak domestic economy, which has been in recession for the past two years. There is also little sign of shoppers starting to hit the streets in greater numbers — German retail sales fell in May, April, and March, according to official statistics.
– Why is there such caution?
As well as worries about Trump’s tariff blitz and the crisis-wracked domestic economy, experts say many consumers are still scarred from the 2022 inflation shock. “It can take one to five years for consumer perception to align with reality,” said Matthias Diermeier from the IW economic research institute. On average, 3,000 people surveyed in December by the Cologne-based institute estimated 2024 inflation at 15.3 percent — in reality, it was only 2.2 percent. The gap is even more pronounced among supporters of radical parties, such as the far-right AfD and far-left BSW. Historical experience has also left Germans with a deep aversion to rising prices — a bout of destabilising hyperinflation in the 1920s paved the way for the rise of the Nazis. A recent survey by an army research centre showed German consumers fear rising prices more than a war between the West and Russia.
– Why should consumers spend more?
A pick-up in consumer spending is crucial to help revive the eurozone’s traditional powerhouse economy and offset prolonged weakness in the manufacturing sector, which has historically been a key source of growth. But with memories of the inflation surge still raw, consumers seem unlikely to come to the rescue any time soon. “People may well suspect that — since the news has constantly been repeating in recent years that everything is more expensive — it is indeed still getting more expensive,” said Lisa Voelkel, from the Federation of German Consumer Organisations.
© 2024 AFP
